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Plastic surgeons specialists who have training and education in performing reconstructive surgery. Patients with birth problems, injuries, infections, or burns can be attended to, managed, and treated by them.

Many plastic surgeons opt to specialize in cosmetic surgery, which involves performing operations to improve a patient's appearance or aesthetic. However, not all cosmetic doctors are plastic surgeons.

• Cosmetic surgeons are specialized medical professionals who choose to focus on cosmetic surgeries which can help in changing a patient's appearance, aesthetics, and other parts of the cosmetology. A cosmetic surgeon is trained to perform reconstructive procedures on various body parts including breasts, aesthetics, hands, hips, lips, etc. Cosmetic surgeons are only focused on performing surgeries for cosmetic reasons.
• Reconstructive plastic surgeons can also treat patients with birth disorders, injuries, illnesses, or burns.

A person may look for options of plastic surgery due to any of the following:

• Infection
• Burn repair
• Lower extremity reconstruction
• Hand surgery
• Scar revision
• Tumors
• Sickness
• Congenital flaws
• Developmental anomalies
• Trauma
• Migraine relief
• Jaw straightening
• Corrective surgeries for genetic problems

A Plastic surgeon can perform a variety of cosmetic surgeries ranging from the face to other parts of the body. They can be classified as:

For the Face

• Dermabrasion
• Eyebrow lift, also known as forehead rejuvenation
• Blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery)
• Face-lift
• Facial contouring
• Facial fillers
• Botox
• Lifting the cheeks
• Chemical peel
• Surgery of the chin
• Cosmetic dentistry
• Wrinkles treatment
• Laser hair removal
• Laser resurfacing
• Neck upliftment
• Otoplasty (ear surgery)
• Rhinoplasty (nose surgery)
• Skin problems like blemishes, scars, or tattoo removal
• Wrinkle treatment

For the Body

• Abdomen reduction (tummy tuck)
• Lifting of arms
• Liposuction
• Breast augmentation
• Upliftment of breasts
• Breast reduction surgery
• A belt lipectomy, also known as buttock lift
• Circumferential body lift
• Lifting the inner thighs
• Hair removal using laser techniques

A plastic surgeon goes through training for more than 10 years. It's one of the most competitive and progressing fields in medicine. A plastic surgeon usually takes up cosmetic surgery or reconstructive surgery and specifically studies and practices on a residency for it in later years.

• MBBS in plastic surgery.
• MS/MD in cosmetic or reconstructive surgery.
• 6-year residency program to study general and plastic surgery.
• A residency of 5 years or more for specialization.
• Fellowship in specific field areas like breast surgery or liposuction, etc.

A plastic surgeon can gain specialty in any of the following categories:

• Breasts: Breast procedures can be performed by plastic surgeons who specialize in breast surgery to improve the appearance, lower the size of the breasts, or rebuild them after a mastectomy which is a surgery to remove a tumor.
• Aesthetics: These plastic surgeons specialize in surgeries that can alter a person's appearance.
• Scars or burns: These specialists are trained to deal with and repair the scars and burns.
• General reconstructive surgery: these surgeons work in general scar repairing, revisions, and wound healing.
• Craniofacial surgery: The craniofacial specialist focuses on the skull, face, ears, nose, and elements of the mouth. They help reconstruct in case of problems like Cleft palates, facial abnormalities, and missing noses.
• Hands: These specialties treat and manage problems that are specifically associated with the hands.

A plastic surgeon may request diagnostic tests depending on the organ of surgery, the severity of the procedure, and the patient’s history. Some of the commonly performed tests and procedures before undergoing surgery involve:

• CBC also known as complete blood count
• Chem 7 blood chemistry panel
• LFT (Liver function test)
• PT/INR/PTT (a study of blood coagulation)
• X-ray
• CT scan
• Ultrasound
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
• Arterial blood gas (ABG)
• Electrocardiogram
• Angiogram
• Echocardiogram
• Cardiac stress test
• Pulmonary function tests

A plastic surgeon is mostly visited to change the way you look or feel. Rarely there might be medical reasons involved but mostly it is a matter of choice. The medical reasons may involve dealing with burns and repairing a damaged part that hinders the appearance. Any physician who is licensed and trained to practice a cosmetic procedure can be consulted. Finding the right subspecialties within cosmetic surgeons is also an important deciding factor. In case of breast reduction, a doctor with special training on breasts must be consulted.

During the first visit with a trained plastic surgeon, it is important to keep certain questions in mind that may be asked by you. Some of them include:

• Why do you want to change your looks?
• What specific part of the body do you want to change and why?
• Are you aware of the risks associated with this procedure?
• What are your expectations from this procedure?
• Are you aware of the healing time?

Your surgeon might give you a list of do’s and don’t for the pre-surgical preparation. and a detailed explanation of the same. You will be free to ask and discuss any other personal details during the visit.