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Neurosurgeons are specialized professionals who have completed their degrees and certifications in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, spine, and other components of the nervous system. Neurosurgeons and neurologists differ from each other. Neurosurgeons have special training and certification in the use of surgical therapies, whereas neurologists specialize in other types of treatment associated with the nervous system.

Neurosurgeons are experts in the human neurological system and they can conduct a wide range of tasks in addition to surgery. Many of the other health professionals including emergency department doctors and neurologists can often confer with neurosurgeons about their patients' conditions. Neurosurgeons also assist in the evaluation and rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders.

Neurosurgeons play a key role in handling neural problems. They are involved in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of brain, spine, and nerve problems. A neurosurgeon can also assist with disorders that change the flow of blood to the brain or impact the brain as a symptom of any other serious/chronic illness. They may also play an important role in a person's rehabilitation after surgical treatment in addition to performing surgeries.

The following are some of the most common reasons why patients require neurosurgery:

• Stroke
• Benign cancer or spinal tumors
• Cerebral aneurysms
• Bleeding in the brain
• Spinal conditions such as slipped discs, herniated discs.
• Osteoarthritis
• Injuries related to head, neck or spine
• Neurological disorders such as Parkinson disease
• Epilepsy and seizures
• A specific type of chronic pain
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Peripheral nervous system disorders

Neurosurgeons have to complete one of the most extensive training programs out of all the medical specialties because the nervous system is extremely complicated.

The education of a neurosurgeon comprises of the following:

• A degree in MBBS from an accredited medical school for a period of four years.
• A training or internship of one year
• Junior residency for five to seven years in which they practice hands-on skills and clinical experience.
• To gain specific knowledge in a particular subspecialty of neurology, such as pediatric neurosurgery, they may go through additional certifications and training.
• Annual meetings, conferences, scientific publications, and research are all part of further initiatives and education in the complicated discipline of neurosurgery.

In addition, before practicing neurosurgery, potential neurosurgeons must be certified by the medical association or board of their country.

There are various sub-categories in which a neurologist may decide to specialize. Some of them include:

• Neuropathology
• Anesthesia
• General Surgery
• Neurology
• Neuroradiology
• Internal Medicine
• Orthopedics and Pediatrics

Diagnosing a problem associated with the nervous system is very time-consuming and hard to detect. Along with that, many neurological illnesses may occur with a combination of symptoms and signs. Many neural disorders may also lack clear causes, indicators, or testing, making the diagnosis extremely hard.

It is crucial for the physician to go through a detailed medical history and physical examination to diagnose a nervous system problem.

Some common tests they can perform to diagnose a problem are mentioned below:

• CT scan
• EEG- Electroencephalogram
• MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imagining
• EMG- Electromyography
• NCV- Nerve Conduction Velocity
• PET- Positron Emission Tomography
• Arteriogram
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
• Evoked potentials
• Myelogram
• neurosonography
• Ultrasound (sonography)

The reasons to visit a neurologist may vary from person to person. Neurological problems may be associated with a variety of signs and symptoms.

Some of them are:

Meningitis: A severe infection of the brain or the outer membrane of the spinal cord is known as meningitis. Meningitis has symptoms that are similar to fever but remain for a longer duration. Whether the infection is viral or bacterial is the first step in determining the surgical treatment required for meningitis.

Spinal disk herniation: The cushions that are present in between the vertebrae are known as spinal discs. They help in keeping the backbones from rubbing against one other and prevent causing any agony. When spinal discs flatten or break, it can cause a lot of pain. The majority of spinal hernia surgeries are minor procedures that can be completed in a single day.

Parkinson's disease: The region of your brain that governs movement is affected by this disorder. Tremors, balance concerns, and other issues are all possible side effects. The majority of persons with Parkinson's disease are medicated, but certain situations are more complex and might need surgery.

Epilepsy: Seizures happen due to this critical central nervous system condition. Neurosurgeons can use a variety of surgical treatments to treat epilepsy, including laser ablation surgery to target particularly affected parts in the brain that cause seizures.

The first step toward effective treatment is a correct diagnosis. Therefore, a neurologist will also check your brain and nerve function thoroughly throughout your first visit.

• A neurosurgeon will test your cognitive capacity, speech, eyesight, strength, coordination, reflexes, and bodily feelings.
• During your first visit, a neurosurgeon may also prescribe or perform imaging tests and other exams.
• Diagnostic tests may be performed specifically on your brain or spine.
• Collecting blood or urine samples, and testing the efficiency of electrical signals via your nerves are also a few examples of tests that may be ordered or performed during the first visit with a neurosurgeon.