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Urosurgeon is a specialist who is trained to perform surgery and treat urinary tract infections in both men and women. They can treat anything involving surgery to remove cancer, opening up blockages in the urinary tract, diagnosing problems, etc.

The urinary system involves the following:

• Kidneys: Organs that filter out bodily wastes.
• Urethra: A tube in the body through which the urine travels from the bladder and moves out of the body.
• Ureters: These are the tubes that lead the urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladders.
• Bladder: It is a hollow bag-like organ that stores urine.
• Adrenal glands: Hormones released by these glands that are present above each kidney have a vital role in the urinary system.

These specialists can deal with problems related to any of the above-mentioned parts of the urinary system.

Urology surgeons can also perform surgery on male reproductive parts. It includes:

• Penis: It is a male reproductive organ that carries urine and sperm out of the body
• Prostrate: It is a gland that is present underneath the bladder and adds a particular kind of fluid to the sperm to produce semen.
• Testicles: They are the sacs present near the penis that make the reproductive hormone testosterone and produce sperm.

• Every Urosurgeon has to complete a four-year MBBS degree from an accredited medical school.
• After medical school, they have to go through hands-on extensive training in a clinical setting.
• they have to fulfill their residency under trained urology surgeons to become experts.
• they will also have to complete their MS in urologic procedures and treatment before they can start practicing as a surgeon.
• Some urosurgeons may further decide to pursue fellowships and additional training in a specialized area. They can focus on specifically male genitals, female genitals or other specializations.
• In the end, each urosurgeon has to get certified by their national medical board to become licensed.

A urosurgeon can further opt to specialize in any of the following:

• Urologic Oncology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery- Laparoscopic and Robotic
• Male Infertility/Microsurgery/Andrology
• Voiding Dysfunction
• Renal and Pancreas Transplantation
• Stone Disease and Advanced Endourology
• Male Genitourinary Reconstruction and Prosthetics
• Prosthetics and Genitourinary Reconstruction
• Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
• Endourology and Stone Disease

Urology surgeons can treat a variety of conditions. Some of them are mentioned below:

In the men’s urinary system:

• Cancers of bladders, kidneys, adrenal glands, prostate, penis, testicles, etc.
• Enlargement of the prostate gland
• Problems with erection or erectile dysfunction
• Kidney problems- stones or infections
• Cysts in the bladder also known as interstitial cystitis
• cases of infertility
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Inflammation of the prostate gland, also known as prostatitis
• Enlargement of the scrotum veins, known as varicoceles

In the women’s urinary system:

• Kidney problems- stones or infections
• Cysts in the bladder also known as interstitial cystitis
• Prolapse growths in the bladder or vagina
• cases of infertility
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Cancers of bladders, kidneys, adrenal glands, prostate, penis, testicles, etc.
• Urinary incontinence

In a child’s urinary system:

• Blockage of the urinary tract
• Bed-wetting
• Testicles that are undescended

An Urosurgeon can order one of the following tests to find out the exact condition and cause of the problem that you may be suffering from:

• Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, and other such imaging tests
• Cystogram- Taking images of the insides of the bladder
• Cystoscopy: Using an instrument known as a cystoscopy to look inside the urethra and bladder.
• Post-void residual urine test: Speed at which urine leaves the body while urinating.
• Urinalysis: for bacteria or other sources of infections.
• Urodynamic testing: to check volume and pressure in the bladder.

Surgeries they can perform includes:

• Bladder, kidneys, and prostate biopsies.
• Cystectomy: Removing of the bladder in case of cancer
• Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy: Breaking of the stones present in the kidney to help them pass easily.
• Kidney transplants: Replacing a damaged kidney with a healthy one
• Opening blockages
• Repair injury-related damages
• Repairing organs of the urinary tract which aren't fully formed
• Prostatectomy: Removing all parts of the prostate in case of cancer
• Sling procedure: To treat incontinence of the urinary tract
• Removing excess tissues from the prostate
• Ureteroscopy: removing stones from kidneys and ureter
• Vasectomy: for pregnancy prevention

You will be referred to a urosurgeon by your primary care doctor if your symptoms cannot be controlled by the general physician. For certain situations, you may need to see both a urologist and another expert. A guy with prostate cancer, for example, can see both an oncologist and a urologist.

Some of the symptoms that may require a visit to a Urosurgeon includes:

• Blood in the urine
• Frequent urination
• Pain in the pelvis, lower back, etc
• Burning sensation or pain while urinating
• Trouble urinating
• Urine leakage
• Weak urine flow with pain
• deep pain in the lower abdomen
• Lump in the testicle

A physical examination by the urosurgeon may involve the following:

• A digital rectal exam for males with prostate difficulties. This exam allows the clinician to examine the prostate physically.
• A urethral swab to rule out sexually transmitted infections and blood work to assess your Prostate-Specific Antigen level.
• A pelvic exam may be performed in conjunction with urinalysis for women who have recurrent urinary tract infections.
• A blood panel is often used to detect hormone levels in women with decreased sex drive.
• A cough stress test will be performed on those who have urinary incontinence symptoms to detect urine loss.
• Blood tests and related physical exams will be performed if there are any worries about cancer.

Your doctor will discuss their findings and possible solutions with you after they have evaluated you. The Urosurgeon may prescribe medication, physical therapy, or surgery based on your symptoms.